A Study of COVID-19 Impact on Environmental Health of Three Major Countries

The COVID-19 epidemic has put the majority of the world under lockdown, and one unintended effect of this response has been an improvement in global air quality. The objective of this research is to examine the correlations between pollution levels in air (carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter etc.) and their impact during COVID-19. Our findings state that air pollution can be considered as a major factor in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. It has an effect on chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, air pollution can also be associated with the increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality. This study shows that air pollution exposure reduces immunological responses, allowing viruses to penetrate and replicate more easily. Various contaminants affected the quality of air as their effects were evaluated during COVID-19 lockdown imposed by the government with the help of different response dataset trackers. ernment response tracker dataset including daily air pollution data and weather data from several cities in the United States, India, and Switzerland. We have used data from (CAAQMS) Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations, to conduct a detailed examination of the COVID-19's effect on the quality of air and reported changes in Air Quality Index (AQI). The observation indicates certain contaminants NO2, PM2.5 other factors, too, have a considerable influence in COVID-19 infection. © 2022 IEEE.

Case Report: Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with Remdesivir in a Patient with ESRD.

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic since its emergence from Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. As research continues to evolve, there is a paucity of reports describing the management and treatment of COVID-19 in patients with acute kidney failure and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). These patients have increased susceptibility to developing severe clinical symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their underlying comorbidities. Remdesivir has emerged as a promising antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2. However, data regarding the clinical benefits of remdesivir in patients with severe renal impairment is unavailable as they have been excluded from clinical trials due to the risk of sulfobutylether-ß-cyclodextrin (SBECD) accumulation in patients with eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73m2. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the first case of a 47-year-old male with end-stage renal disease who was successfully treated with remdesivir during hospitalization for acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure arising from COVID-19. The worsening clinical progress of the patient despite intensive care and treatment with intravenous azithromycin therapy led to the decision to utilize remdesivir after a risk-benefit analysis, despite his eGFR being <15 ml/min per 1.73m2. Although the patient developed reversible hepatotoxicity, marked improvement of symptoms was observed after the five-day course of remdesivir was completed. CONCLUSION: Our findings describe the first instance of compassionate use of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 in the setting of end-stage renal disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Detection of Covid-19 in Chest X-ray Image using Convolutional Neural Network

COVID-19 cases are increasing worldwide day by day leads to a huge load on health amenities. Due to the limited accessibility of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits, every patient with respiratory illness could not get tested by it. The tests are time-consuming, and they have limited sensitivity x-ray for the detection of covid-19 in patients. Meanwhile using an x-ray machine is a more feasible, available, and economical option. For the same reason, we consider x-ray images for our research purpose. We implemented the CNN model on the image dataset of the x-ray of the patient and successfully achieved an accuracy of 96%. Sometimes RT-PCR is a false negative in such a situation it would be helpful and avoid RT-PCR. By using modern AI techniques, the x-ray images of covid-19 patients in an automated manner can be used to diagnose at the settings where trained radiologists are not available. © 2021 IEEE.

COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Cancer Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented newfound challenges to the oncology community regarding management of disease progression in immunocompromised and cancer patients. Further, the large influx of COVID-19 patients has overwhelmed healthcare facilities, limited access to intensive care unit beds and ventilators, and canceled elective surgeries causing disruptions to the cancer care continuum and re-organization of oncological care. While it is known that the potential threat of infection is greatest in elderly patients (>60 years of age) and patients with underlying comorbidities, there is still insufficient data to determine the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Given the immunosuppressive status in cancer patients arising from chemotherapy and other comorbidities, management of COVID-19 in this patient population carries a unique set of challenges. We report three cases of COVID-19 in immunocompromised cancer patients and discuss the challenges in preventing, diagnosing, and treating this vulnerable group.

Data Analysis of Novel Multiple Coronavirus Based on Factors

The novel coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is the newest strain of coronavirus that causes respiratory infections in humans. This virus is affecting the entire world and has impacted many important sectors, such as travel, economy, education, and hospitality. Many researchers are trying to find effective methods in an attempt to limit the spread of the virus and find a cure for infected people. The study assesses the impact of the virus in 212 countries using advanced data visualization techniques. The research analyzes multiple factors impacting the spread of the virus;Population, Population Density, Median Age, Human Development Index (LIDO, Number of COVID-19 Cases, and Number of COVID-19 Deaths. The research incorporates R-Values and Linear Regression to highlight trends and patterns observed.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Challenges.

The concurrence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents an intriguing problem with many uncertainties underlying their pathogenesis. Despite over 96.2 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide as of January 22, 2021, reports of patients coinfected with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. It remains unknown whether HIV patients are at a greater risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2, despite their immunocompromised status. We present a systematic review of the literature reporting cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and examine trends of clinical outcomes among coinfected patients. We systematically compiled 63 reports of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, published as of January 22, 2021. These studies were retrieved through targeted search terms applied to PubMed/Medline and manual search. Despite scattered evidence, reports indicate a favorable prognosis for HIV patients with strict adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, the presence of comorbidities was associated with a poorer prognosis in HIV/SARS-CoV-2 patients, despite cART and viral suppression. Studies were limited by geographic coverage, small sample size, lack of patient details, and short follow-up durations. Although some anti-HIV drugs have shown promising in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, there is no conclusive evidence of the clinical efficacy of any anti-HIV drug in the treatment of COVID-19. Further research is needed to explain the under-representation of severe COVID-19 cases among the HIV patient population and to explore the possible protective mechanisms of cART in this vulnerable population.